SS-31

SS-31 is also called elamipretide. It is a four amino acid peptide that gathers at the inner membrane of the mitochondria. It does not bind a receptor to get there. Its structure alternates between two kinds of amino acids, and that pattern is what pulls it to the membrane. Studies have measured how it interacts with cardiolipin, a fat found in that membrane, and how the mitochondria perform afterward.